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The papillon is a breed of small dogs
belonging to the Spaniel family. The breed
may be traced back to its likely origin
in Italy at least as early as the thirteenth
century. The breed has been long associated
with royalty and, in part because of this
esteemed association, it has been documented
in artwork throughout history. However,
the breed has undergone several changes
over the past several centuries before
arriving at its distinct modern appearance,
and was not recognized by the American
Kennel Club until the early twentieth
century.
The name papillon comes from the French
word “butterfly” because its large, fringed,
erect ears and symmetrically patterned
faces resemble butterflies in appearance.
Papillons, however, may also have ears
with rounded tips that drop down, though
this is less common. In addition to their
distinctive ears, papillons have long
tails, thin legs, and short, thin snouts.
The average papillon weighs 7 to 10 pounds
and measures 8 to 11 inches in height.
Papillons typically have either parti-colored
fur or dominantly white fur featuring
patches of another color. Though they
may appear elsewhere, colored patches
are found most notably on papillons' heads,
contributing to the butterfly-like pattern
for which they are named. Many also have
white blazes and nosebands. Papillons
may display most fur colors, though lemon,
black, sable, and red commonly appear
along with white. Papillons have single-coated
fur that is long, straight, and fine.
Papillons are known to be companion dogs,
and their temperament makes them well-suited
to this role. Papillons tend to be amiable,
content, and adventurous. They are neither
aggressive nor extraordinarily, though
they tend to be somewhat aloof in the
company of strangers. Being spirited but
of a versatile energy level, the papillon
is well-suited to a variety of lifestyles,
and is highly intelligent and easy to
train and socialize. Papillons tend to
be good with children when properly socialized,
but should not be left unattended with
younger children or other pets who may
harm the fragile dog.
Papillons require exercise at least once
daily; however, this need may simply be
met by taking the dog for a walk or run.
Though they are very adaptable, they thrive
when they are presented with tasks, and
may enjoy partaking in dog agility or
obedience competitions. Because of the
fine coat typical of the breed, papillons
may grow cold easily, and are therefore
best suited to warmer climates. This is
particular true because their coats allow
them to withstand head very well.
Having no health complications associated
strongly with them, papillons are seen
as typically healthy (and low-maintenance)
dogs. The average life span of a papillon
is 12-16 years.
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